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Educational only. Mortgage Unplugged does not verify employment, contact employers, or approve loans

How Mortgage Underwriters Review Income

 Income qualification is about stability and documentation — not just what you made last month. Underwriters verify the type of income, how long you’ve received it, and whether it’s likely to continue. 

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W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

 Underwriters typically review recent pay stubs, W-2s, and year-to-date earnings to confirm your base pay and consistency. 

Stability Matters as Much as Amount

W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

 The goal is to confirm your income is stable and likely to continue — job changes and recent shifts in pay structure can require extra review. 

Variable Income Is Usually Averaged

W-2 Income Starts With Documentation

Self-Employed Income Is Reviewed Differently

 Overtime, commission, and bonuses are often averaged over time to account for ups and downs, rather than using a single high month. 

Self-Employed Income Is Reviewed Differently

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

Self-Employed Income Is Reviewed Differently

 Business income typically requires tax returns and a deeper look at trends, expenses, and sustainability. 

Bonuses and Commission Need a Track Record

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

 It’s not just “do you get it,” but “how long have you gotten it and is it likely to continue.” 

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

Employment Verification Is Part of the Process

 Lenders commonly verify employment and may confirm that you’re currently working and expected to remain employed. 

Gaps and Recent Changes May Need an Explanation

Gaps and Recent Changes May Need an Explanation

Gaps and Recent Changes May Need an Explanation

 Job gaps, short time on the job, or recent changes in hours/pay can trigger requests for additional documentation or a brief explanation. 

Underwriters Look at Two Years Plus YTD

Gaps and Recent Changes May Need an Explanation

Gaps and Recent Changes May Need an Explanation

 Many income types are reviewed using a two-year history and year-to-date detail to identify trends and calculate a reliable qualifying income. 

INCOME FAQ'S

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

 A: Because variable income fluctuates. Averaging helps confirm a reliable amount that can be expected to continue. 

Q: What if I just changed jobs?

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

 A: Job changes aren’t automatically a problem, but underwriting may need to confirm stability, pay structure, and probability of continuance. .

Q: Why do they ask for year-to-date (YTD) earnings?

Q: Why do lenders average overtime/bonus/commission?

Q: Why do they ask for year-to-date (YTD) earnings?

 A: YTD shows what you’ve actually earned so far this year and helps validate that current pay matches the historical pattern. 

Q: How recent does my paystub need to be?

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

Q: Why do they ask for year-to-date (YTD) earnings?

 Many lenders require a current paystub dated within 30 days of application and it generally needs to show year-to-date (YTD) earnings so income can be calculated accurately. 

Will my employer be contacted before closing?

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

 Often, yes. For conventional loans, lenders typically complete a verbal verification of employment (VOE) close to closing—commonly within 10 business days of the note date for employment income. 

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

How much history do I need for overtime, bonus, or commission income?

 It depends on the loan type and income stability. Two years is the standard benchmark, though some scenarios allow a shorter history when the earnings are consistent and continuance can be supported. In many cases, at least 12 months of documented receipt is the minimum threshold. 

What Underwriters Review

What Borrowers Often Assume

What Borrowers Often Assume

 

  • Base pay, hourly rate, and hours worked
     
  • Year-to-date earnings and consistency
     
  • Variable income trends (OT/bonus/commission)
     
  • Employment stability and job history
     
  • Self-employed trends and business stability
     
  • Continuance (is it likely to keep coming?)

What Borrowers Often Assume

What Borrowers Often Assume

What Borrowers Often Assume

 

  • “My last paystub is all that matters”
     
  • “Overtime counts automatically”
     
  • “One big bonus will qualify me”
     
  • “Cash income is fine if I deposit it”
     
  • “Changing jobs doesn’t matter if pay is higher”
     
  • “Self-employed is the same as W-2”


Copyright © 2026 Mortgage Unplugged - All Rights Reserved.


 Disclaimer (Effective Date: January 31, 2026): Mortgage Unplugged provides mortgage readiness education and document organization support only. We are not a lender, mortgage broker, mortgage loan originator, or underwriter, and we do not take loan applications or offer or negotiate loan terms. We are not affiliated with any lender. We do not provide legal, tax, or credit repair services. No approvals, rates, terms, timelines, or outcomes are guaranteed. Mortgage decisions are made solely by independent, licensed lenders. 


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